Chronic diseases (such as hypertension, anemia, diabetes, epilepsy, thyroid), gynecological diseases (such as myoma, ovarian cyst, infections), conditions related to previous pregnancies (such as miscarriage, birth with anomalies, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirth) that may change the pregnancy follow-up and negatively affect the pregnancy. premature birth) is questioned in this examination. Dosage adjustment of regularly used medications according to pregnancy is also considered in this control. Information is given about the changes that need to be made regarding eating habits, smoking and alcohol use, working life, sleeping and resting habits, and exercise habits. If not taken within the last year, a cervical cancer screening test (smear) is taken. Blood tests deemed appropriate by your doctor are performed.
HOW TO CALCULATE OVOVATION TIME?
Although the menstrual period in women is mostly between 28-32 days, it is shorter in some women and longer in others. A period between 21 and 35 days is considered normal.
In women with regular menstrual periods, ovulation time is calculated by counting back 14 days from the first day of the next expected menstrual date.
For most women, ovulation occurs between the 11th and 21st days of the first day of menstruation. The chance of pregnancy increases with sexual intercourse during this period.
If menstrual periods are not regular, we can determine the time of ovulation by monitoring the egg (follicle) with ultrasonography.
WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY?
Menstrual Delay Implantation Bleeding: While the embryo is settling into the uterus, spotting or slightly more bleeding may occur 6-12 days after intercourse. Some women may experience cramp-like pain along with bleeding. Fullness and tenderness in the breasts Weakness, fatigue Nausea, vomiting frequent urination Cracks and spots on the skin
WHAT ARE THE TESTS TO BE DONE DURING PREGNANCY?
The pregnancy period is divided into 3 trimesters of approximately 3 months each. The 1st trimester covers the period until the first 13 weeks (1,2,3 months), the 2nd trimester until the 26th week (4,5,6 months), and the 3rd trimester until the birth (7,8,9 months).
complete blood count Complete urinalysis Infection screening tests (Ig M and Ig G antibodies for Toxoplasma, rubella and CMV, VDRL for syphilis, hepatitis and HIV tests are performed) Kidney and Liver function tests (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT) fasting blood sugar Thyroid function tests (TSH, T4) Blood group DUAL SCREEN TEST: 11-14. It is a test that investigates the presence of Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18, performed between weeks. With ultrasonographic evaluation, the baby's nuchal thickness and nasal bone presence are checked. Maternal age, beta hCG and PAPP-A values in the blood are determined and combined with ultrasonography findings. As a result of the test, the individual risk rate is determined. TRIPLE SCREENING TEST: It is a test that investigates Down Syndrome (trisomy21), trisomy 18 and neural tube defect (openness in the baby's spinal cord region) between 16-18 weeks. Evaluation is made by looking at the mother's age, the baby's head diameter (BPD measurement) in ultrasonography, and beta hCG, estriol (E3) and AFP values in blood analysis. DETAILED (2ND LEVEL COLOR) ULTRASONOGRAPHY: 20-22. It is an ultrasonography in which detailed organ scanning of the baby is performed by the perinatology (risky pregnancy) department in the following weeks. SUGAR LOADING TEST (OGTT): 24-28. It is a test performed by giving blood on an empty stomach and after drinking glucose for weeks. It detects the presence of gestational diabetes in the expectant mother. INDIRECT COOMBS: If the mother is Rh(-) and the father is Rh(+), there is blood incompatibility between them and Anti-D immunoglobulin (blood incompatibility injection) can be administered according to the result of the indirect Coombs test at the 28th week. Anti-D immunoglobulin must be repeated after birth.
NAUSEA AND VOMITING DURING PREGNANCY
It is seen in 70-85% of pregnant women. It usually starts around the 6th week and ends around the 12th week. Although it is more common in the morning, it can occur at any time of the day.
Pregnant women with nausea should eat small amounts and frequently, limit fluid intake half an hour before and half an hour after a meal, liquids should be taken sip by sip rather than all at once, and fatty and spicy foods that increase nausea and vomiting should be avoided. Saltine crackers, lemon and ginger can be good for nausea. Your doctor may prescribe medication for nausea that does not go away with these measures and causes vomiting.
If vomiting is severe and oral feeding is not possible, if vomiting occurs more than 3-4 times a day, if the pregnant woman's weight loss exceeds 5% and if there is a deterioration in the blood table, hospitalization may be required.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION DURING PREGNANCY
They are the most common infections during pregnancy. During pregnancy, the risk of infection increases as the uterus grows and prevents the bladder from emptying completely due to the pressure it puts on. While it can cause symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation in urine, foul-smelling urine, nausea, groin pain, back and side pain, it does not cause any complaints and can be detected in a urinalysis. Antiseptic drugs and antibiotics that cleanse the urine can be used in its treatment.
